Biography and Filmography of Aamir Khan

Biography
Amir Hussain Khan (Aamir Khan) is a highly acclaimed film actor, producer and director. He began his career in Bollywood as child actor in the movie "Yaadon Ki Baaraat". Eleven years later he appeared as supporting actor in the film "Holi". Amir Khan debuted as leading actor with "Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak" and won the Filmfare Best Male Debutant Award for his performance in the film. After that he appeared in a number of movies but most of them were unsuccessful at box office. However, he got success with the film "Dil". Thereafter "Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikander" and 'Rangeela" followed and both the films did well at the box office. 

Aamir Khan also co-wrote the screenplay for Mahesh Bhatt's film "Hum Hain Rahi Pyaar Ke", and also acted in the same. Amir Khan won his first Filmfare Best Actor Award for his performance in the film "Raja Hindustani". This was followed by semi hit films such as "Ishq", "Ghulam" and "Sarfarosh". Aamir Khan won his second Filmfare Best Actor Award for his performance in the "Academy Nominated" movie "Lagaan". He also earned nomination for best actor in the Filmfare Award ceremony for his acting in the film "Dil Chahta Hai". After giving several commercially successful movies and delivering highly acclaimed performances, he is now one of the top and most successful leading actors of Hindi cinema. Recently, Aamir directed "Taare Zameen Par" and won the Filmfare Best Director Award.
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Filmography
Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak, Raakh, Awwal Number, Tum Mere Ho. Dil, Deewana Mujh Sa Nahin, Jawani Zindabad, Afsana Pyaar Ka, Dil Hai Ki Manta Nahin, Isi Ka Naam Zindagi, Daulat Ki Jung, Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikandar, Parampara, Hum Hain Rahi Pyaar Ke, Andaz Apna Apna, Baazi, Aatank Hi Aatank, Rangeela, Akele Hum Akele Tum, Raja Hindustani, Ishq, Sarfarosh, Earth, Mela, Lagaan, Dil Chahta Hai, The Rising Mangal Pandey, Rang De Basanti, Fanaa and Taare Zameen Pa, etc.

Aamir Khan profile

Date of Birth: 14th March, 1965, Mumbai, India 
Nickname: A K 
Address: 11, Bela Vista Apartments, Palli Hills, Bandra, Bombay 400050 
Height: 5' 5" (1.65 m) 
Debut Film: "Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak" 
Film Awards: Filmfare Best Actor Awards for "Raja Hindustani" and "Lagaan". 
Filmfare Critics Award for "Rang De Basanti"
Best Director for "Taare Zameen Par" 
Latest movie: Dhoom 3.

Amitabh Bachchan biography and filmography

Biography
Bolywood super star Amitabh Bachchan is son of the famous Hindi poet late Harivansh Rai Bachchan. He was born at Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh. After completing his studies from Sherwood College, Nainital and Kirori Mal College, Delhi University, he shifted to Kolkata to work in Shaw Wallace Company (a shipping firm). Later he moved to Mumbai to try his hand in Hindi film Industry.

Initial years of Amitabh Bachhan were full of struggle, as he was tall and of dark complexion, he could not match to the requirement of film directors as lover boy. Amitabh Bachchan Started his acting journey with the film "Saat Hindustani". He won his first National Film Award as Best Newcomer. Amitabh Bachchan gave his first hit film "Zanzeer" in 1973 with his real life love and future wife Jaya Bhaduri. This film established Amitabh in a new persona - the "angry young man" action hero of Bollywood. For the next one decade Amitabh gave almost one hit film every year that includes "Deewaar ", "Sholay ", "Trishul ", "Muqaddar Ka Sikander ", "Don ", "Kasme Vaade ", "Kaala Patthar ", "Mr. Natwarlal", "Ram Balram ", "Shaan ", "Lawaaris " and "Shakti ". Besides doing action films, Amitabh also did comic roles in "Chupke Chupke", "Amar Akbar Anthony" and "Namak Halal". As romantic hero he gave notable performance in the movies "Kabhie Kabhie" and "Silsila". 

This great actor of Hindi film industry has got tremendous fan following across all age groups. Amitabh Bachhan was fatally injured while shooting for the film "coolie". His fans prayed for his early recovery and some of them even offered their one limb for his recovery. Nevertheless, Amitabh recovered soon and resumed shooting for the film. Later the film "coolie" was released and it was a big hit at box office.

Amitabh Bachchan took break from acting and entered politics with the support of his friend Late Rajiv Gandhi. He was elected Member of Parliament from Allahabad in 1984 but soon he realized that politics was not his cup of tea and he decided to quit. After returning to the film industry Amitabh turned towards production of films and established Amitabh Bachchan Corporation Ltd (ABCL) for production and distribution of films. Besides acting in films, Amitabh Bachchan has also hosted popular game show "Kaun Banega Karorpati" (KBC) on TV.
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Filmography
Saat Hindustani, Anand, Reshma Aur Shera , Bombay to Goa, Zanjeer, Namak Haraam , Roti Kapda Aur Makaan , Chupke Chupke , Deewar, Sholay, Kabhie Kabhie , Hera Pheri , Amar Akbar Anthony, Shatranj Ke Khiladi, Adalat , Parvarish , Besharam , Ganga Ki Saugandh, Kasme Vaade , Trishul , Don, Muqaddar Ka Sikandar, The Great Gambler Golmaal , Jurmana , Mr. Natwarlal , Kaala Patthar , Suhaag , Do Aur Do Paanch, Dostana, Ram Balram , Shaan , Naseeb, Barsaat Ki Ek Raat , Lawaaris, Silsila, Yarana, Kalia , Satte Pe Satta, Bemisaal , Namak Halaal , Shakti, Andha Kanoon , Coolie , Inquilaab , Sharaabi, Giraftaar , Mard , Aakhree Raasta , Shahenshah, Toofan, Main Azaad Hoon Azaad , Agneepath , Aaj Ka Arjun , Hum, Ajooba, Khuda Gawah, Major Saab , Bade Miyan Chhote Miyan, Mohabbatein , Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham, Baghban, Khakee , Deewaar , Veer-Zaara , Bunty Aur Babli , Sarkar , Viruddh , Ek Ajnabee , Eklavya , Cheeni Kum andRam Gopal Varma Ki Aag. etc.

Profile of Amitabh Bachchan

Date of Birth: 11 October 1942, Allahabad, India 
Nickname: Big B, Munna, Young Angry Man. 
Address: Pratiksha, 10th Road, J.V.P.D. Scheme Mumbai- 400 049 
Height: 6' 2" (1.88 m) 
Education: Master Of Arts (M A) 
Debut Film: "Saat Hindustani" 
Film Awards: 
Filmfare Award
Best Actor Critics for "Aks" 
Best Supporting Actor for "Mohabatein" 
Best Supporting Actor for "Anand" 
Best Supporting Actor for "Veer-Zaara" 
Best Actor for "Hum" 
Best Actor for "Don" 
Super star of the millenium 
National Film Awards, India 
Best Actor for "Agneepath" 

Biography of Mahatma Gandhi (Bapu)

Born: October 2, 1869
Martyrdom: January 30, 1948.
Achievements: Known as Father of Nation; played a key role in winning freedom for India; introduced the concept of Ahimsa and Satyagraha. 
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Mahatma Gandhi popularly known as Father of Nation played a stellar role in India's freedom struggle. Born in a Bania family in Kathiawar, Gujarat, his real name was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (M.K. Gandhi). The title Mahatma came to be associated with his name much later. Before Gandhiji's arrival on the Indian political scene, freedom struggle was limited only to the intelligentsia. Mahatma Gandhi's main contribution lay in the fact that he bridged the gulf between the intelligentsia and the masses and widened the concept of Swaraj to include almost every aspect of social and moral regeneration. Paying tribute to Mahatma Gandhi on his death, famous scientist Albert Einstein said, "Generations to come will scarce believe that such a man as this walked the earth in flesh and blood". 

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, at Porbandar, a small town on the western coast of India, which was then one of the many tiny states in Kathiawar. Gandhiji was born in middle class family of Vaishya caste. His father, Karamchand Gandhi, was a Dewan or Prime Minister of Porbandar. His mother, Putlibai, was a very religious lady and left a deep impression on Gandhiji's mind. Gandhiji was a mediocre student and was excessively shy and timid. 

Gandhiji was truthful in his conduct right from the childhood. There is a very famous incident in this regard. A British school inspector once came to Gandhiji's school and set a spelling test. Gandhiji spelled all the words correctly except kettle. The class teacher noticed the mistake and gestured Gandhiji to copy the correct spelling from the boy sitting next to him. Gandhiji refused to take the hint and was later scolded for his "stupidity". 

Gandhiji was married at the age of thirteen to Kasturbai. He was in high school at that time. Later on in his life, Gandhiji denounced the custom of child marriage and termed it as cruel. After matriculating from the high school, Gandhiji joined the Samaldas College in Bhavnagar. After the death of Gandhiji's father in 1885, a family suggested that if Gandhiji hoped to take his father's place in the state service he had better become a barrister which he could do in England in three years. Gandhi welcomed the idea but his mother was objected to the idea of going abroad. To win his mother's approval Gandhiji took a solemn vow not to touch wine, women and meat and remained true to it throughout his stay in England.

Gandhiji sailed for England on September 4, 1888. Initially he had difficulty in adjusting to English customs and weather but soon he overcame it. Gandhiji completed his Law degree in 1891 and returned to India. He decided to set up legal practice in Bombay but couldn't establish himself. Gandhiji returned to Rajkot but here also he could not make much headway. At this time Gandhiji received an offer from Dada Abdulla & Co. to proceed to South Africa on their behalf to instruct their counsel in a lawsuit. Gandhiji jumped at the idea and sailed for South Africa in April 1893.

It was in South Africa that Gandhiji's transformation from Mohandas to Mahatma took place. Gandhiji landed at Durban and soon he realized the oppressive atmosphere of racial snobbishness against Indians who were settled in South Africa in large numbers. After about a week's stay in Durban Gandhiji left for Pretoria, the capital of the Transvaal, in connection with a lawsuit. When the train reached Pietermaritzburg, the capital of Natal, at about 9 p.m. a white passenger who boarded the train objected to the presence of a "coloured" man in the compartment and Gandhiji was ordered by a railway official to shift to a third class. When he refused to do so, a constable pushed him out and his luggage was taken away by the railway authorities. It was winter and bitterly cold. This incident changed Gandhiji's life forever. He decided to fight for the rights of Indians. Gandhiji organised the Indian community in South Africa and asked them to forget all distinctions of religion and caste. He suggested the formation of an association to look after the Indian settlers and offered his free time and services.

During his stay in South Africa, Gandhiji's life underwent a change and he developed most of his political ideas. Gandhiji decided to dedicate himself completely to the service of humanity. He realized that absolute continence or brahmacharya was indispensable for the purpose as one could not live both after the flesh and the spirit. In 1906, Gandhiji took a vow of absolute continence. In the course of his struggle in South Africa, Gandhiji, developed the concepts of Ahimsa (non-violence) and Satyagraha (holding fast to truth or firmness in a righteous cause). Gandhiji's struggle bore fruit and in 1914 in an agreement between Gandhiji and South African Government, the main Indian demands were conceded.

Gandhiji returned to India in 1915 and on the advice of his political guru Gopal Krishna Gokhale, spent the first year touring throughout the country to know the real India. After an year of wandering, Gandhiji settled down on the bank of the river Sabarmati, on the outskirts of Ahmedabad, where he founded an ashram called Satyagraha Ashram. Gandhiji's first satyagraha in India was in Champaran, in Bihar, where he went in 1917 at the request of a poor peasants to inquire into the grievances of the much exploited peasants of that district, who were compelled by British indigo planters to grow indigo on 15 percent of their land and part with the whole crop for rent. Gandhiji's Satyagraha forced British government to set up a inquiry into the condition of tenant farmers. The report of the committee of which Gandhi was a member went in favour of the tenant farmers. The success of his first experiment in satyagraha in India greatly enhanced Gandhiji's reputation in the country. 
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In 1921, Gandhiji gave the call for Non-cooperation movement against the ills of British rule. Gandhiji's call roused the sleeping nation. Many Indians renounced their titles and honours, lawyers gave up their practice, and students left colleges and schools. Non-cooperation movement also brought women into the domain of freedom struggle for the first time. Non-cooperation movement severely jolted the British government. But the movement ended in an anti-climax in February 1922. An outbreak of mob violence in Chauri Chaura so shocked and pained Gandhi that he refused to continue the campaign and undertook a fast for five days to atone for a crime committed by others in a state of mob hysteria.

Gandhiji was sentenced to six years imprisonment but was released in 1924 on medical grounds. For the next five years Gandhi seemingly retired from active agitational politics and devoted himself to the propagation of what he regarded as the basic national needs, namely, Hindu-Muslim unity, removal of untouchability, equality of women, popularization of hand-spinning and the reconstruction of village economy.
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On March 12, 1930 Gandhiji started the historic Dandi March to break the law which had deprived the poor man of his right to make his own salt. On April 6, 1930 Gandhiji broke the Salt law at the sea beach at Dandi. This simple act was immediately followed by a nation-wide defiance of the law. This movement galvanized the whole nation and came to be known as "Civil Disobedience Movement". Within a few weeks about a hundred thousand men and women were in jail, throwing mighty machinery of the British Government out of gear. This forced the then Viceroy Lord Irwin to call Gandhiji for talks. On March 5, 1931 Gandhi Irwin Pact was signed. Soon after signing the pact Gandhiji went to England to attend the First Round Table Conference. Soon after his return from England Gandhiji was arrested without trial.

After the outbreak of Second World War in 1939, Gandhiji again became active in the political arena. British Government wanted India's help in the war and Congress in return wanted a clear-cut promise of independence from British government. But British government dithered in its response and on August 8, 1942 Gandhiji gave the call for Quit India Movement. Soon the British Government arrested Gandhiji and other top leaders of Congress. Disorders broke out immediately all over India and many violent demonstrations took place. While Gandhiji was in jail his wife Kasturbai passed away. Gandhiji too had a severe attack of Malaria. In view of his deteriorating health he was released from the jail in May 1944.
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Second World War ended in 1945 and Britain emerged victorious. In the general elections held in Britain in 1945, Labour Party came to power, and Atlee became the Prime Minister. He promised an early realization of self Government in India. A Cabinet Mission arrived from England to discuss with Indian leaders the future shape of a free and united India, but failed to bring the Congress and Muslims together. India attained independence but Jinnah's intransigence resulted in the partition of the country. Communal riots between Hindus and Muslims broke out in the country in the aftermath of partition. Tales of atrocities on Hindus in Pakistan provoked Hindus in India and they targeted Muslims. Gandhiji worked ceaselessly to promote unity between Hindus and Muslims. This angered some Hindu fundamentalists and on January 30, 1948 Gandhiji was shot dead by one such fundamentalist Nathu Ram Godse while he was going for his evening prayers. The last words on the lips of Gandhiji were Hey Ram.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

Born: April 14, 1891

Died: December 6, 1956

Achievements: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was elected as the chairman of the drafting committee that was constituted by the Constituent Assembly to draft a constitution for the independent India; he was the first Law Minister of India; conferred Bharat Ratna in 1990.
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Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is viewed as messiah of dalits and downtrodden in India. He was the chairman of the drafting committee that was constituted by the Constituent Assembly in 1947 to draft a constitution for the independent India. He played a seminal role in the framing of the constitution. Bhimrao Ambedkar was also the first Law Minister of India. For his yeoman service to the nation, B.R. Ambedkar was bestowed with Bharat Ratna in 1990.

Dr.Bhimrao Ambedkar was born on April 14, 1891 in Mhow (presently in Madhya Pradesh). He was the fourteenth child of Ramji and Bhimabai Sakpal Ambavedkar. B.R. Ambedkar belonged to the "untouchable" Mahar Caste. His father and grandfather served in the British Army. In those days, the government ensured that all the army personnel and their children were educated and ran special schools for this purpose. This ensured good education for Bhimrao Ambedkar, which would have otherwise been denied to him by the virtue of his caste.

Bhimrao Ambedkar experienced caste discrimination right from the childhood. After his retirement, Bhimrao's father settled in Satara Maharashtra. Bhimrao was enrolled in the local school. Here, he had to sit on the floor in one corner in the classroom and teachers would not touch his notebooks. In spite of these hardships, Bhimrao continued his studies and passed his Matriculation examination from Bombay University with flying colours in 1908. Bhim Rao Ambedkar joined the Elphinstone College for further education. In 1912, he graduated in Political Science and Economics from Bombay University and got a job in Baroda.
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In 1913, Bhimrao Ambedkar lost his father. In the same year Maharaja of Baroda awarded scholarship to Bhim Rao Ambedkar and sent him to America for further studies. Bhimrao reached New York in July 1913. For the first time in his life, Bhim Rao was not demeaned for being a Mahar. He immersed himself in the studies and attained a degree in Master of Arts and a Doctorate in Philosophy from Columbia University in 1916 for his thesis "National Dividend for India: A Historical and Analytical Study." From America, Dr.Ambedkar proceeded to London to study economics and political science. But the Baroda government terminated his scholarship and recalled him back.

The Maharaja of Baroda appointed Dr. Ambedkar as his political secretary. But no one would take orders from him because he was a Mahar. Bhimrao Ambedkar returned to Bombay in November 1917. With the help of Shahu Maharaj of Kolhapur, a sympathizer of the cause for the upliftment of the depressed classes, he started a fortnightly newspaper, the "Mooknayak" (Dumb Hero) on January 31, 1920. The Maharaja also convened many meetings and conferences of the "untouchables" which Bhimrao addressed. In September 1920, after accumulating sufficient funds, Ambedkar went back to London to complete his studies. He became a barrister and got a Doctorate in science.

After completing his studies in London, Ambedkar returned to India. In July 1924, he founded the Bahishkrit Hitkaraini Sabha (Outcastes Welfare Association). The aim of the Sabha was to uplift the downtrodden socially and politically and bring them to the level of the others in the Indian society. In 1927, he led the Mahad March at the Chowdar Tank at Colaba, near Bombay, to give the untouchables the right to draw water from the public tank where he burnt copies of the 'Manusmriti' publicly.
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In 1929, Ambedkar made the controversial decision to co-operate with the all-British Simon Commission which was to look into setting up a responsible Indian Government in India. The Congress decided to boycott the Commission and drafted its own version of a constitution for free India. The Congress version had no provisions for the depressed classes. Ambedkar became more skeptical of the Congress's commitment to safeguard the rights of the depressed classes.

When a separate electorate was announced for the depressed classes under Ramsay McDonald 'Communal Award', Gandhiji went on a fast unto death against this decision. Leaders rushed to Dr. Ambedkar to drop his demand. On September 24, 1932, Dr. Ambedkar and Gandhiji reached an understanding, which became the famous Poona Pact. According to the pact the separate electorate demand was replaced with special concessions like reserved seats in the regional legislative assemblies and Central Council of States.

Dr. Ambedkar attended all the three Round Table Conferences in London and forcefully argued for the welfare of the "untouchables". Meanwhile, British Government decided to hold provincial elections in 1937. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar set up the "Independent Labor Party" in August 1936 to contest the elections in the Bombay province. He and many candidates of his party were elected to the Bombay Legislative Assembly.
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In 1937, Dr. Ambedkar introduced a Bill to abolish the "khoti" system of land tenure in the Konkan region, the serfdom of agricultural tenants and the Mahar "watan" system of working for the Government as slaves. A clause of an agrarian bill referred to the depressed classes as "Harijans," or people of God. Bhimrao was strongly opposed to this title for the untouchables. He argued that if the "untouchables" were people of God then all others would be people of monsters. He was against any such reference. But the Indian National Congress succeeded in introducing the term Harijan. Ambedkar felt bitter that they could not have any say in what they were called.
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In 1947, when India became independent, the first Prime Minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, invited Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar, who had been elected as a Member of the Constituent Assembly from Bengal, to join his Cabinet as a Law Minister. The Constituent Assembly entrusted the job of drafting the Constitution to a committee and Dr. Ambedkar was elected as Chairman of this Drafting Committee. In February 1948, Dr. Ambedkar presented the Draft Constitution before the people of India; it was adopted on November 26, 1949.
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In October 1948, Dr. Ambedkar submitted the Hindu Code Bill to the Constituent Assembly in an attempt to codify the Hindu law. The Bill caused great divisions even in the Congress party. Consideration for the bill was postponed to September 1951. When the Bill was taken up it was truncated. A dejected Ambedkar relinquished his position as Law Minister.
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On May 24, 1956, on the occasion of Buddha Jayanti, he declared in Bombay, that he would adopt Buddhism in October. On 0ctober 14, 1956 he embraced Buddhism along with many of his followers. On December 6, 1956, Baba Saheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar died peacefully in his sleep.

Biography of Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Born: July 23, 1856
Died: August 1, 1920

Achievements: Considered as Father of Indian National Movement; Founded “Deccan Education Society” to impart quality education to India's youth; was a member of the Municipal Council of Pune, Bombay Legislature, and an elected 'Fellow' of the Bombay University; formed Home Rule League in 1916 to attain the goal of Swaraj. 
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Bal Gangadhar Tilak is considered as Father of Indian National Movement. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a multifaceted personality. He was a social reformer, freedom fighter, national leader, and a scholar of Indian history, sanskrit, hinduism, mathematics and astronomy. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was popularly called as Lokmanya (Beloved of the people). During freedom struggle, his slogan “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it” inspired millions of Indians. 

Bal Gangadhar Tilak was born on July 23, 1856 in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra. He was a Chitpavan Brahmin by caste. His father Gangadhar Ramachandra Tilak was a Sanskrit scholar and a famous teacher. Tilak was a brilliant student and he was very good in mathematics. Since childhood Tilak had an intolerant attitude towards injustice and he was truthful and straightforward in nature. He was among India's first generation of youth to receive a modern, college education.

When Tilak was ten his father was transferred to Pune from Ratnagiri. This brought sea change in Tilak’s life. He joined the Anglo-Vernacular School in Pune and got education from some of the well known teachers. Soon after coming to Pune Tilak lost his mother and by the time he was sixteen he lost his father too. While Tilak was studying in Matriculation he was married to a 10-year-old girl called Satyabhama. After passing the Matriculation Examination Tilak joined the Deccan College. In 1877, Bal Gangadhar Tilak got his B.A. degree with a first class in mathematics. He continued his studies and got the LL.B. degree too. 

After graduation, Tilak began teaching mathematics in a private school in Pune and later became a journalist. He became a strong critic of the Western education system, feeling it demeaning to Indian students and disrespectful to India's heritage. He came to the conclusion that good citizens can be moulded only through good education. He believed that every Indian had to be taught about Indian culture and national ideals. Along with his classmate Agarkar and great social reformer Vishnushastry Chiplunkar, Bal Gangadhar Tilak founded “Deccan Education Society” to impart quality education to India's youth.

The very next year after the Deccan Education Society was founded, Tilak started two weeklies, 'Kesari' and 'Mahratta'. 'Kesari' was Marathi weekly while 'Mahratta' was English weekly. Soon both the newspapers became very popular. In his newspapers, Tilak highlighted the plight of Indians. He gave a vivid picture of the people's sufferings and of actual happenings. Tilak called upon every Indian to fight for his right. Bal Gangadhar Tilak used fiery language to arouse the sleeping Indians. 

Bal Gangadhar Tilak joined the Indian National Congress in 1890. He was a member of the Municipal Council of Pune, Bombay Legislature, and an elected 'Fellow' of the Bombay University. Tilak was a great social reformer. He issued a call for the banning of child marriage and welcomed widow remarriage. Through the celebrations of Ganapati Festival and the birthday of the Shivaji he organized people. 

In 1897, Bal Gangadhar Tilak was charged with writing articles instigating people to rise against the government and to break the laws and disturb the peace. He was sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for one and a half year. Tilak was released in 1898. After his release, Tilak launched Swadeshi Movement. Through newspapers and lectures, Tilak spread the message to each and every village in Maharashtra. A big 'Swadeshi Market' was opened in front of Tilak's house. Meanwhile, Congress was split into two camps-Moderates and Extremists. Extremists led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak opposed the moderate faction led by Gopal Krishna. Extremists were in the favour of self rule while the moderates thought that time is not yet ripe for such an eventuality. This rift finally led to a split in the Congress.

Tilak was arrested on the charges of sedition in 1906. After the trial, Tilak was sentenced to six years of imprisonment in Mandalay (Burma). Tilak spent his time in prison by reading and writing. He wrote the book 'Gita-Rahasya' while he was in prison. Tilak was released on June 8, 1914. After his release, Bal Gangadhar Tilak tried to bring the two factions of Congress together. But his efforts did not bear much fruit. In 1916, Tilak decided to build a separate organization called the 'Home Rule League'. Its goal was swaraj. Tilak went from village to village, and explained the aim of his league to the farmers and won their hearts. He traveled constantly in order to organize the people. While fighting for people’s cause Bal Gangadhar Tilak died on August 1, 1920.

Narendra Modi boigraphy

Born On: September 17, 1950

Born In: Vadanagar, Gujarat
Career: Politician

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Time Line 
1950 - Born at Vadnagar, Gujarat
1987 - Entered mainstream politics
1995 - Became the National Secretary of BJP
1998 - Became General Secretary of BJP
2001 - Became the Chief Minister of Gujarat
2002 - Modi was elected again as the Chief Minister of Gujarat

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As a strong man with unparalleled administrative talents and great determination, Narendra Modi's name is written in golden letters in Gujarat's political history. Modi ruled Gujarat for about ten consecutive years and still continues to hold a considerable amount of power. Born and brought up in a noble culture, he derived his values of generosity, benevolence and social service from his family and social backdrop. He possesses excellent knowledge on human psychology and is also endowed with impressive organizational capabilities that are well evident in the economic and political atmosphere of present-day Gujarat. With his deliberate and uncompromised efforts that made Gujarat an economic power house, he proved that 'action speaks louder than words'. In spite of the vicious and prolonged campaign of vilification against him, he managed to rule the minds of the people in Gujarat who elected him as the Chief Minister of Gujarat for the third consecutive time. Narendra Modi with his action-oriented style of administration has shut the mouth of his enemies, who even now are desperate to pull him down from power. With his unusual courage to convert challenges into opportunities, Modi is regarded as a great administrator and a powerful, innovative leader. Read on to know more about one of the most popular political leaders in India. 

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Early Life
Narendra Damodardas Modi was born into a middle class Hindu family. He served the Indian Army soldiers in transit during the Indo-Pak war. He lent his benevolent hands to serve the flood-affected people in Gujarat in 1967. He joined a student organization called the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) and worked as a full-time organizer for the same. He also was involved in the anti-corruption Reconstruction Movement (Navnirman). Later he was nominated as the organization's representative in the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He worked with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), which is a socio-cultural organization that focuses on the social and cultural development of India. Modi did his schooling in Vadnagar and finished a Master's degree in Political Science. He is also quite the poet and has written a large number of poems. 

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Career
Narendra Modi started his political career in his early ages and spread the ideology of ABVP and worked with the RSS.He carried out important roles in many crucial situations such as the anti-corruption agitation in 1974 and the 19-month long emergency period in 1975-1977 declared by the then Prime Minister of India, Mrs. Indira Gandhi. He stood by the people and fought a spirited battle against the fascist acts of the central government. Modi entered mainstream politics in 1987 by joining the Bharatiya Janata Party and worked for the Gujrat unit of the party. It was because of his proven talent as an effective organizer that he grew to the post of General Secretary of the party (Gujarat Unit) within a year. He created a strong cadre base for the party in Gujarat, working in partnership with Shankarsingh Vaghela. Working under a master strategist like Modi, BJP started gaining political mileage in Gujarat and managed to ascend to power with a two-thirds majority in 1995. Since then, the BJPis successfully ruling Gujarat till now.

Between 1988 and 1995 Modi was given responsibility to organize major events of national importance like Somnath - AyodhyaYatra (led by L.K Advani) and also Kanyakumari - Kashmir Yatra which led to the growth of BJP as the Central Government in 1998. He was appointed as the National Secretary of the party in 1995 with the charge of five major states in India, which was truly a rare distinction for a young leader and then as the General Secretary of BJP in 1998 up to 2001. In 2001, when Keshubhai Patel was removed from power, BJP chose Narendra Modi as the Chief Minister of Gujarat and from then on, he is the favorite leader of Gujarat people. 

Gujarat witnessed a major riot in 2002, after the Sabarmati Express train was attacked by a group of Muslims thus leading to a Hindu-Muslim communal riot. These mishaps occurred on 27th February, 2002 at Godhra City and a total of 790 Muslims and 254 Hindus were killed and 223 more people were reported missing. It caused heavy damage to the state including the destruction of religious worship places: 298 dargahs, 205 mosques, 17 temples and 3 churches were destroyed during the riots. As a consequence of the riots, Modi resigned from his position. However, the people of Gujrat still patronized Modi and he came back to power after getting elected again in the state elections. 

Modi was considered responsible for these riots and the U.S withdrew his visa. The Supreme Court of India on its part appointed a special investigation team to investigate Modi's alleged role in the riots, but the team could not find any evidence against him. 

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Contributions 
Narendra Modi has contributed a lot towards the growth of Gujarat. He introduced many Yojnas in Gujarat. Some of them are:

• Krishi Mahotsav for agricultural research labs.  
• Chiranjeevi Yojanato to reduce infant mortality rate.
• Matru Vandana for Reproductive and Child Health Programmes.
• Beti Bachao campaign to protect infant girls and to improve the sex ratio.
• Jyotigram Yojanato to introduce electricity to every village.
• Karmayogi Abhiyan to provide education and training to government employees.
• Kanya Kelavani Yojana to encourage education amongst girls.
• Balbhog Yojana as a midday meal project for students.

With the assistance of a Broadband connection, Modi is planning to connect villages of Gujarat to one another. His affective administration skills helped Gujrat to recover from the damage caused by the 2001 earthquake. 

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Legacy

In 2001, when Modi took charge as the Chief Minister of Gujarat, the state was struggling with a shrinking economy because of various reasons including the massive earthquakes of 2001. He put in a lot of efforts to restore the state's economy and as a result of his efforts, Gujarat registered a 10% growth rate in his first tenure which was the highest growth rate among Indian states. Gujarat has bagged several awards and was recognized by the world under his leadership. The state of Gujarat won awards like "The UN Sasakawa Award for Disaster Reduction", "Commonwealth Association for Public Administration and Management (CAPAM)" award for innovations in governance, UNESCO award and CSI award for e-Governance to name some. 

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Awards And Accolades
Best Chief Minister of the Country (2006)
Best Chief Minister of the Country (2006)
fDi Personality of the Year Award (2009) by fDi Magazine. This award was withdrawn later and awarded to the state of Gujarat instead.

Narendra Modi's 'wife'

NEW DELHI: The woman who calls herself the wife of BJP's prime ministerial candidate Narendra Modi said in a rare interview on Saturday that she doesn't "feel bad" that he has cut her out of his life.

Modi has never commented on numerous reports that he wed Jashodaben, 62, in a traditional arranged marriage when she was 17.

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Money and related country

1. Rupee : India, Nepal, Srilanka, Pakistan,
2. Dollar : u.s.a, canada, singapore, ecuador,
    australia, honkong, taiwan, newzealand, t&t
3. Euro : france, germany, italy, austria, belgium,
    cyprus, netherland, portugal, spain, vatican city
4. Pound : u.k, egypt, sudan 5. rial: iran, qutar, saudi arab, yemen,     omen, combodia
6. Dinar : Algeria, iraq, kuwait, tunisia
7. Peso : Phillipines, argentina, chile, cuba, mexico,uruguay
8. Franc : cameroon, switzerland
9. Ruble : Russia, belarus

Chairman of some companies

Mr. Cyrus Mistry---------- Chairman Tata Sons
Mr. Mukesh Ambani----- Chairman Relience Industries
Mr. Lakshmi Mittal------- Chairman Mittal Arcelor Steels
Ms. Kiran Majumdar------ Chairman Biocon
Ms. Chanda Kochhar---- Managing Director & CEO ICICI Bank
Mr. Shiv Nadar--------- Chairman HCL Technologies
Mr. Naresh Goyal------- Chairman Jet Airways
Mr. Sunil Mittal---------- Chairman Bharati Group
Ms. Indira Nooye-------- CEO Pepsico
Shikha Sharma------------------ MD, CEO Axis Bank
S. D. Shibulal------------------- CEO and Managing Director Infosys
Azim H. Premji------------------Chairman Wipro
Mr. Vineet Nayyar-------------- Chairman of Mahindra Satyam
Mr. Rohit Nandan---------------Chairman & Managing Director of Air India
Mr. K. V. Kamath---------------Chairman ICICI Bank
Mr. C. M. Vasudev------------- Chairman, HDFC Bank
Mr. Arundhati Bhattacharya ---- Chairman of State Bank of India (SBI)
Mark Zuckerberg--------------- CEO
Narayan Murthi------------------ Founder & Chairman of Infosys
Steve Jobs---------------------- Founder of Apple Company
Mr. Vijay Maliya-------------- Chairman of UB Group and Kingfisher Airlines
Mr. Sunil Mittal---------- Founder of Airtel (Telecom Service Provider in India)
Mr. Kumaramangalam Birla--- Chairman of Aditya Birla Group of Company
Mr. Anand Mahindra--------- Chairman, Mahindra & Mahindra Group
Mr. Warren Buffett----------- Chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway
Rajan Bharti Mittal---------- President of International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) India
Dr. Arup Roy Choudhury------------Chairman NTPC Mittu Chandilya CEO, Air Asia India.....

Current Affairs regarding Sports of september,2013

1.Serena Williams Defeated Victoria Azarenka to win 5th US Open Title 2013
2.Golfer Henrik Stenson won the Deutsche Bank Title 2013
3.Sonia Rai won the Gold Medal in Women’s 25-Metre Sports
4.India retained Its Top Position in the ICC ODI Team Rankings Table in the
   latest list issued on 1 September 2013
5.South Korea defeated India 4-3 in the Final of the Asia Cup Hockey at
   Malaysia.

6.India retained its top position in the latest One Day International (ODI)
   rankings, released by ICC on 17 September 2013
7.Indian wrestler Bajrang Kumar Won bronze medal in the 60 kilogram freestyle
   category at the World Wrestling Championships 2013.
8.The Indian wrestler Amit Kumar Won Silver Medal in 55 Kg Free Style
   category in the Senior World Wrestling Championship 2013 .
9.Afghanistan defeated India by 2-0 to win the South Asian Football Federation
   Championship 2013 Trophy
10.Parupalli Kashyap Climbed up a place to 13th in the Badminton World
     Ferderation (BWF) Ranking
11.BCCI imposed a Life Ban on Former IPL Comissioner Lalit Modi on 25
     September 2013
12.Chinese Paddler Liu Shiwen Won Women’s Table Tennis World Cup 2013
13.Indian cricketer Virat Kohli was appointed as the brand ambassador of the
     Border Security Force (BSF)
14.India’s Deepika Kumari Won Silver Medal at the Archery World Cup in Paris
     on 22 September 2013
15.Indian Wrestler Sandeep Tulsi Yadav won Bronze Medal in the 66kg Greco-
     Roman category at Senior World Wrestling Championships
16.Sudha Singh of Railways won Gold Medal in Women’s 3000m steeplechase
     in 53rd National Open Athletics Championship.
17.Venkat Rahul Ragala won weightlifting gold at Asian youth Games in
     Guangzhou.
18.N. Srinivasan was on 29 September 2013 Re-elected as the President of
     BCCI for a third term